They studied history, mathematics, Italian, classical literature, and philosophy, and from an early age Florence, who was the more academic of the two girls, displayed an extraordinary ability for collecting and analysing data which she would use to great effect in later life." Ī BBC documentary reported that "Florence and her older sister Parthenope benefited from their father's advanced ideas about women's education. Fanny's father (Florence's maternal grandfather) was the abolitionist and Unitarian William Smith. William's mother Mary ( née Evans) was the niece of Peter Nightingale, under the terms of whose will William inherited his estate at Lea Hurst, and assumed the name and arms of Nightingale. Her parents were William Edward Nightingale, born William Edward Shore (1794–1874) and Frances ("Fanny") Nightingale ( née Smith 1788–1880). įlorence inherited a liberal-humanitarian outlook from both sides of her family. The family moved back to England in 1821, with Nightingale being brought up in the family's homes at Embley, Hampshire, and Lea Hurst, Derbyshire.
Florence's older sister Frances Parthenope had similarly been named after her place of birth, Parthenope, a Greek settlement now part of the city of Naples. Much of her writing, including her extensive work on religion and mysticism, has only been published posthumously.Įmbley Park in Hampshire, now a school, one of the family homes of William Nightingaleįlorence Nightingale was born on 12 May 1820 into a wealthy and well-connected British family at the Villa Colombaia, in Florence, Tuscany, Italy, and was named after the city of her birth. She was also a pioneer in data visualisation with the use of infographics, using graphical presentations of statistical data in an effective way. Some of her tracts were written in simple English so that they could easily be understood by those with poor literary skills. In her lifetime, much of her published work was concerned with spreading medical knowledge.
Nightingale was a prodigious and versatile writer. This diagram is still regularly used in data visualisation. She is famous for usage of the polar area diagram, also called the Nightingale rose diagram, equivalent to a modern circular histogram. Nightingale was a pioneer in statistics she represented her analysis in graphical forms to ease drawing conclusions and actionables from data. Her social reforms included improving healthcare for all sections of British society, advocating better hunger relief in India, helping to abolish prostitution laws that were harsh for women, and expanding the acceptable forms of female participation in the workforce. In recognition of her pioneering work in nursing, the Nightingale Pledge taken by new nurses, and the Florence Nightingale Medal, the highest international distinction a nurse can achieve, were named in her honour, and the annual International Nurses Day is celebrated on her birthday. It was the first secular nursing school in the world and is now part of King's College London.
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In 1860, she laid the foundation of professional nursing with the establishment of her nursing school at St Thomas' Hospital in London. Recent commentators have asserted that Nightingale's Crimean War achievements were exaggerated by the media at the time, but critics agree on the importance of her later work in professionalising nursing roles for women. Nightingale gave nursing a favourable reputation and became an icon of Victorian culture, especially in the persona of "The Lady with the Lamp" making rounds of wounded soldiers at night. She significantly reduced death rates by improving hygiene and living standards. Nightingale came to prominence while serving as a manager and trainer of nurses during the Crimean War, in which she organised care for wounded soldiers at Constantinople. įlorence Nightingale OM RRC DStJ ( / ˈ n aɪ t ɪ ŋ ɡ eɪ l/ – 13 August 1910) was an English social reformer, statistician and the founder of modern nursing. Recorded to wax cylinder on 30 July 1890, to raise money for veterans of the Charge of the Light Brigade.
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